Firearm



May 22, 1923. 1,455,880 G. HAMMoND FIREARM Original Filed Feb. 28 1917 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 @M5- S g5 4f?? 63 i5 l f n. i 5

A? V Num/v fw 2L,

IN VEN TOR.

wa/M www May 22, 1923. 1,455,880

G. HAMMOND FIREARM Original Filed Feb. 28 1917 I5 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR.

MMM-4% A TTORNEY.

May 22, 1923. 1,455,880

4 G. HAMMOND FIREARM Original Filed Feb. 28 1917 I5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR.

A TTORNE Y.

' Patented May z2, 1923.

UNITED STATES PATENT ori-ica GRANT HAMMOND, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD TO ALVA C. WASHBURNE, OF PITTSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, AND ONE-THIRD TO FREDERICK G. CRANE, OF DALTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

FIREARM.

Application led February 28, 1917, Serial No. 151,460. Renewed April 12, 1923.

To all whom. t may concern:

Be it known that l. GRANT HAMMOND, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Haven, in the county of New llaven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and Improved Firearm, of which the following is a specification.

My invention, While not limited in use to any special type of firearm, relates particulai-ly to that ty e that is commonly held in the hand and 'red while so held, and an object ot my invention, among others, is to provide a firearm that shall be simple in construction and operation and eilicient and reliable in use.

One form of firearm embodying my invention, and in the construction and use of which the objects herein set out, as well as others, may be attained, is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a view in central vertical section through a firearm embodying my invention.

Figure 2 is a view in side elevation of a portion of my improved firearm looking at the right hand side, with parts broken away to show construction, the breach-bolt being shown in its forward position, and the hammer cocked.

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, but with different parts broken away, and with the breach-bolt shown in its rearward position.

Figure -l is a. View in vertical cross section through my improved firearm on plane denoted by dotted line 4--4 of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a detail view in horizontal section through a portion of the handle and receiver and through the hammer mechanism block on plane denoted by the dotted line 5--5 of Figure 4, the hammer being removed.

Figure 6 is a bottom view of the breachbolt.

Figure 7 is a top view of the receiver.

Figure 8 is a detail front view of the breach-bolt.

Figure 9 is a view in side elevation of a firearm embodying my invention, the barrel being broken off.

Figure 10 is a detail rear view of the upper part of my improved firearm. p

Figure 11 is a side view of the hammer mechanism block.

Figure 12 is a top view of the sear bar.

WV. lle my invention is not limited in its application to any special type of firearm, as 1t 1s particularly adapted to use in that type which is commonly held in the hand and fired while so held, I have selected this type for the urpose of illustration herein'in connection wlth which to describe my invention, only such parts of the firearm as are necessary to an understanding of the invention being shown in the drawings. The invention will be readily understood by those skilled in the art from the drawings forming a part of this specification, in such drawlngs the numeral 8 indicating the handle or -irame of my improved firearm which may be of any ordinary material and constructed 1n any desired manner and having a chamber 9 for the magazine, and a trigger-guard 10. The handle has an opening 11 in its front. edge for a sear bar, and a slot 12 through its u per rear edge for a hammer mechanism b ook, and a hole 13 through its upper front edge for a receiver lock. Grooves 14 extend along the upper edges of the handle on opposite sides to receive lips formed on the lower edge of the receiver.

The receiver 15 is of a length substantially equal to the distance from the front to the rear edges of the handle, and it has a breechbolt opening 16 extending from its rear end to a. front wall 17 in which a barrel 18 is secured in any suitable manner, interengaging screw threads being shown herein as such securing means. The receiver has retaining lips 19 projecting towards each other at the upper edge of the opening 16, and a slot 20 is formed through the bottom of the breech-bolt 22.

A hammer mechanism block 23 is secured in the slot 12, its forward edge conforming to the general shape and forming part of the rear wall of the magazine chamber 9 in the handle. This block is secured to the handle by pins 24 and 25, the latter comprising the pivot pin for the hammer 26. A hammer recess 27 is formed in the rear end of the block 23, said recess opening to the upper and rear ends of the block, and a sear chamber 28 and a hammer s ring chamber 29 extend inwardly from sai recess.

A slot 30 is formed in the lower part of the hammer, said slot having a shoulder 31 for the reception of the end of a hammer o erating plunger 32 that is located in the clamber 29, the end of said plunger being referably flattened to enter said slot 30. gaid plunger is recessed at its forward end to receive one end of a hammer operating spring 33, the other end of said spring resting against the bottom of the chamber 29, that in the construction herein shown, comprises a plug 34 screwed into the front edge of the b ook 23, and as shown in Figure 1 of the drawings.

A sear 35 is located in the chamber 28 and is seated upon av sear spring 36. The outer or rear end of this scar has a head 37 Jformed to engage a. notch or notches in the lower edge of the hammer and on opposite sides ot the slot 30, said notches being disposed in any ordinary manner. rl`he end ofthis head s preferably beveled from the top slde down- Wardly and forwardly as shown in Figure l of the drawings, and it is located in an enlarged part 38 forming a. mouth at the entrance to t-he sear chamber 28, the latter chamber bein preferably beveled off to receive the beve ed part 39 of the sear located back of the head 37.

A returning` spring tensioniner lug 40 is secured to the upper side of the hammer mechanism block 23, this lug being of hook shape forming a breech-bolt retaining recess 41 with a beveled surface 42 to engage the beveled surface 43 of a slot in the upper back end of the head 44 of a compression rod 45. The hammer 26 has a recess 4G to receive the spring tensioning lng when the hammer is down, and said spring tensioning lug is secured between breech-bolt camming lugs 47 secured to the upper side of the block 23.

The breech-bolt 22 is mounted for reciprocatino' movement in the breech-bolt opening or cl amber in the receiver. Retaining shoulders 48 extend lengthwise along opposite sides of the bolt near its upper edge,

these shoulders inclining downwardly' froml the front end toward the back, and shown in Figure 3 of the drawings. Guide slots 49 are formed in opposite sides of the breech-bolt extending substantially parallel with the shoulders 48, and holding recesses 50 are formed at the rear ends of each ot' said slots. Guide and stop pins 51 extend from opposite walls of the breech-bolt chamber or opening in the receiver into the slots 49, these pins being preferably screw-threaded into the receiver as shown in Figure 4 ot the drawings. Retaining lugs 52 are located on the bottom of the breech-bolt in position to engage breech-bolt retaining shoulders 53 in the bottom of the receiver, these shoulders, in the construction shown herein, comprising the back edges of a slot 54 formed through the bottom of the receiver. The slot 20 is formed lengthwise in the bottom of the breech-bolt to receive the tensioning lug 40, and a slot 56 on the bottom of the receiver is of a. Width to receive the breechbolt camming lugs 47 that are provided with cam surfaces 57 on their upper edges.

The compression rod 45 is located in a compression.A rod chamber 58 in the breechbolt and also contains a breech-bolt returning spring 59. and said rod will project through an ejector opening 6() extending from said chamber through the front end of the breech-bolt when said bolt is at the rearward limit of its play, the rod at this time comprising an ejector to force a cartridge shell from the. front end of the. bolt in a manner that will be readily understood. An extractor 61 ot' any desired construction is located on the brecch-liiolt to (oact with the said ejector, and a ring pin (32 ot any7 suitable form and construction extends through the breech-bolt, its rear end being in position to be struck by the hammer 2G. In the form shown herein a tiring pin spring (33 is located in the enlarged part ot' the firing pin opening, thrusting with one end against the bottom ot said opening and with the other end against a shoulder formed by the enlarged part of the pin, a threaded bushing 64 holding the pin in place and said bushing being held against turning movement by means of a pin extending crosswise through the bolt, as shown in Figure 1 ot the drav'- rooves 65 extend lengthwise along the under surface ot' the breech-bolt to receive the upper ends ot the side parts of a magazine 6G, a rounded projection 67 between said grooves constituting a pusher that contacts with cartridges 68 in the magazine on the forward movement of the breech-bolt and pushes said cartridges into the cartridge chamber in the breech ot' the barrel 18.

A trigger 69 is pivotally attached to the handle with its rear edge located in a trigger recess 70. A sear bar 71 is pivotally attached to the trigger, and it. has a toot 72 against which a sear bar spring 72S presses with one end, the opposite end ot said spring extending into a recess 74 in the handle. The sear bar is curved at. a short distance from its pivot to extend around the magazine, said bar extending through the opening 11 in the handle and having a spring shoulder 75 near its opposite end and on its bottom edge to engage a beveled lug 7G projecting from one face ot a Sear lever '77 pivotally mounted on the wall ot' a recess 78 in the side ot the handle 8. The opposite end of said lever loosely receives the end ot' a sear stud 79 projecting from the side of the sear 35 and through a slot in the side of the block 23, and also through a slot in the side of the receiver. A controlling pin 80 extends through a hole in the handle 8 from the recess 78 into one of the slots 54 and in position to rest against the under side of one of the retaining lugs 52. This pin controls the action of the sear bar, holding its spring shoulder in engagement with the lug 76 when the breech-bolt 1s 1n lts forward position but allowing the rear end of said bar to rise under the influence of the spring 73 and thus permitting the shoulder 75 to pass over the lug when the breechbolt is in its rearward position, the retaming lugs 52 at this time being moved backwardly beyond said pin. The pressure upon the trigger 69, in the operationbf firing the gun, is liable to be retained until the breechbolt has traveled backward and forward 1n the firing operation of the gun, and should the shoulder 75 remain in engagement with v the lug 76 during this backward and forward movement of the breech-bolt, a second and unintentional discharge of the firearm immediately takes place. The disengagement of the shoulder 75 from the lug 76, when pressure on the trigger is retained, and as above described, prevents such repeat or unintentional discharge of the firearm, the engaging and disengaging action of the sear bar 71 being thus controlled by the movements of the breech-bolt. When the breech-bolt moves forward the beveled forward edge of the locking or retaining lug 52 engages the upper end of the pin 80 and forces it downwardly, causing downward movement of the rear end of the sear bar, this movement of the sear bar being permitted by engagement of the spring shoulder 75 with the beveled upper edge ofthe lug 76 whereby said lug and the resiliency in the sear bar causes said bar and lug to move laterally, and the spring shoulder thus moves downwardly past the end of the lug and then forwardly under the force of the spring 73 when pressure on the trigger 69 is released. When the sear bar reaches its forward position it and the spring shoulder move laterally or toward the handle and into position with the spring shoulder engaging the lug ready for operation of the firing mechanism in the next backward movement of the trigger.

A receiver lock 82 is located in the hole 13 in the upper edge of the handle, this lock projecting into a slot 83 in the receiver, said slot having at its front end a check recess 84 that, in the construction herein shown, is formed in the surface of the barrel. A spring located in the hole 13 and thrusting with one end against the bottom of said hole and with its opposite end against the lock tends to force the latter into said hole. A rod with an operating knob 85 is secured to said lock, the knob being located within the opening in the trigger guard 10. This arrangement of the parts permits the receiver and barrel to have a backward movement on the handle to an extent determined by the length of the slot 83..

The breech-bolt is provided with a gripping surface 81 at its rear end of any sultable form and by means of which the bolt may be manuall moved backwardly for the purpose of cocklng the gun.

In operation, it being assumed that a magazine filled with cartridges .is in place in the handle and the parts being 1n the position shown in Figure 1, the breech-bolt will be pulled backwardly by grasping the friction gripping surfaces at the rear end of the bolt. In this backward movement the ham mer will be cocked in which position it will be held by the Sear 35. The returning spring 59 will immediately force the breechbolt to its closed position when the force required to move it backwardly has been released.

The trigger now being pulled or moved backwardly the sear bar 71 will operate the sear by rocking the lever 77 in a manner hereinabove described, said bar being automatically disengaged from said lever as hereinabove set out. This operation of the Sear releases the hammer which is forced down by the spring 33 acting against the plunger 32, the hammer striking the firing pin and forcing it forward into contact with the. cartridge and exploding the same.

The forces created by the exploding gases will cause the barrel and receiver to move backwardly on the handle to an extent permitted by the slot 83, during which movement the locking lugs 52 on th'e breech-bolt engage the cam surfaces 57 on the breechbolt camming lugs 47. lifting the breechbolt far enough to permit said locking lugs to pass over the camming lugs. The forces of the gases existing within the breech of the barrel at this time will cause the breechbolt, when thus unlocked, to move backwardly in the receiver, in a manner well known, in which movement the hammer will be moved to its cocked position and held in such position by the scar as hereinbefore described.

When the rear end of the breech-bolt is raised in the manner above describedv the head 44 of the compression rod 45 engaging with the beveled surface on the tensioning lug 40 will cause said rod to be moved forwardly until the back part of the breechbolt reaches the extent of its upward movement, when the flat end of said head will rest against the end of the tensioning lug, during backward movement of the breechbolt. The compression rod being held in this position, its forward end will protrude through the opening 60 at the front end of the breech-bolt when the latter reaches the extent of its rearward movement, forcing the cartridge shell from the grasp of the extractor 6l in a manner that will be readily understood. The breech-bolt is also locked to the receiver by engagement of the stop pins 51 with the holding recesses 50 at the rear at the forward limit of its movement within the receiver until the pins 51 are disengaged from the recesses by lifting of the breech-bolt caused by the cams 57. When the backward movement of the breech-bolt has been completed the returning spring 59 will act to move it forward and after the locking lugs 52 have passed the camming lugs-47 the breech-bolt will drop and loca-te the locking lugs lwithin lthe slots 54 in the' receiver and thus lock the breech-bolt in, its closed position. At this time the spring 59 will force the head of the compression rod into the retaining recess 41 thus engaging the beveled surfaces of the recess and head,

which engagement holds the breech-bolt in.

its locked position With a force depending upon they amount of tension in the returning Spring 59.

lVhen the receiver moves back-upon the handle the spring in the hole 13 forces the lock 82 into the check recess 84, the rear end of which recess is beveled to an extent to retain the parts in this position. This bevel, however, is such that when the breech-bolt in its forward movement strikes the front wall 17 the force of the impact will disengage the lock 82 from the recess 84 and the receiver, barrel and breech-bolt will be moved forward on the handle to .the position shown in Figure 1. During this forward movement of the breech-bolt a cartridge will be forced from the magazine into the breech in the barrel in a manner well known.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the device which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the device shown is only illustrative, and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

I claimi 1. A firearm includingr a handle, a receiver slidably mounted on the handle and having a slot therein, a lock located in a hole in the handle and projecting into said slot, a lock operating member secured to said lock and located within the opening in the trigger guard of the firearm, and means for disengaging the receiver Vand said lock by impact of the breech bolt at the time. it strikes the receiver.

2. A firearm including a handle, a receiver slidably mounted on the handle and having a slot, a check recess opening out of said slot at one end thereof, a lock mounted on the handle and projecting into said recess, means for forcing the lock into said check recess, means for operating the lock, and means. for disengaging the receiver and said lock by impact of the breech bolt at the time it strikes the receiver.

3. A rearm including a handle, a receiver slidably mounted therein and having a slot, a check recess opening out of said slot at the front end thereof, a spring underlying said lock to force it into said recess, a rod projecting from the lock and having a knob at itsouter end located within the opening in the trigger guard of the firearm, and means for disengaging the receiver and said lock by impact of the breech bolt at the time itv strikes the receiver.

\ 4. A sear mechanism including a movable member, a sear bar with a shoulder at its rear end to engage said member, means acting independently of the rearward movement of the sear bar for raising its rear end to disengage said shoulder, means for forcing the rear end of the bar downwardly to reengage said shoulder, and a trigger operatively connected Withsaid bar.

5.Y A sear mechanism including a movable member, a sear bar having a shoulder at its rear end to engage said member, a trigger pivotally attached to said bar, a foot` extending from the bar, a spring engaging said foot to raise the rear end of the bar, and meansfto reengage the bar with the said movable member.

6. A sear mechanism including a movable member, a sear bar having a shoulder to engagejsaid member, a trigger having a slot, a foot projecting from the bar within said slot, said trigger and bar being pivotally united, a spring pressing with one end against said foot to raise the rear end of said bar, and means for forcing the rear end of the bar down.

7 A sear mechanism including a movable member, a bar having a shoulder to engage said member. a foot projecting from the forward end of the bar, a trigger having its rear edge located in a recess in the handle of the firearm, said trigger having a slot, the foot of said bar projecting into said slot, a spring projecting from the recess in the handle and pressing against said foot. and means for pressing the rear end of said bar downwardly.

8. A firearm including a trigger and a breech-bolt, sear mechanism including a movable member, a sear bar connected With the trigger and having a shoulder to engage said member, means for disengaging the shoulder from said member, and a member co-operating with said bar and positioned to be operated by the breech-bolt in its movement to reengage said bar and said movable member.

9. A firearm including a trigger and a breech-bolt, sear mechanism including a movable member, a sear bar operatively connected with the trigger and having a shoulder to engage said movable member, and a pin slidably mounted with one end inenthe path of movement of a projection from the breech-bolt.

10. A firearm including a trigger and a breech-bolt, sear mechanism including a movable member, a sear bar operatively connected with the trigger and having a shoulder to engage said movable member, and a -pin projecting through the frame of the firearm and resting against said bar, one end of said pin Ybeing located in the path of movement of a locking lug on the bottom of saidl breech-bolt.

11. A firearm including a frame, a'receiver slidably mounted on the frame, a breech-bolt slidably mounted on the receiver and having a guide slot diagonally arranged with respect to a horizontal plane passlng through the axis of the breech-bolt when the firearm is in its upright position, a pin projecting from the receiver into said slot to guide the breech-bolt in its movement and to limit its backward movement, a locking lug on the bottom of the breech-bolt entering a hole in the receiver, and means to engage the breech-bolt during backward movement of the receiver on the frame to lift said lu out of said hole.

12. A firearm including a frame, a receiver slidably mounted on the frame, a breech-bolt slidably mounted on the receiver, a locking lug on the bottom of the breechbolt entering a hole in the receiver, a headed compression rod located within a hole in the breech-bolt, the latter having a slot, a tensioning lug projecting from the frame in line with said slot and having a recess to receive said head, means to engage the breech-bolt to lift it and disengage said lug from said hole, and means for stopping the backward movement of the breech-bolt.

13. A firearm including a frame, a receiver slidably mounted on the frame, a breech-bolt slidably mounted on the receiver, a locking lug on the bottom of the breechbolt engaging a hole in the receiver, a headed compression rod located within a hole in the breech-bolt, the latter having a slot opening into said hole, a spring pressing against said rod, a camming lug projecting from the frame to engage the locking lug on the breech-bolt and raise the latter to disengage said lug from said hole, a tensioning lug secured to said camming lug and registering with said slot, and having a recess to receive the head on the compression rod, and means for stopping the backward movement of the breech-bolt.

14. A firearm including a frame, a receiver slidably mounted on the frame, a breech-bolt slidabl mounted on the receiver, locking lugs on t e bottom of the breechbolt engaging shouldersV on the bottom of the receiver, said bolt having a chamber and a slot opening thereoutof, a sprin in said chamber, a compression rod seate against said'sprlng and having a beveled end, a tenslonlng lug projecting from the frame opposlte the slot in the bolt and having a beveled recess to engage the beveled surface on said rod, and means for stopping the rearward movement of the breech-bolt.

15. A firearm including a frame, a receiver slidably mounted on the frame, a breech-bolt slidably mounted on the receiver, locking lugs projecting from the bottom of the breech-bolt into a hole in the receiver, said bolt having a chamber with a slot open- \i ng thereoutof, camming lugs located on the frame to pass along a slot opening into said hole in the receiver, a tensioning lug projectin from the frame and registering with said s ot in the breech-bolt, a compression rod having a head located in the chamber in the breech-bolt and in engagement with said tensioning lug, and means for limiting the backward movement of the breech-bolt.

16. A firearm including a frame, a breech bolt slidably supported by the frame, means for locking the breech-bolt against movement, means for disengaging said lock, said bolt having a chamber with a slot opening thereoutof, a compression rod located in said chamber and having a beveled head, and a tensioning lug projecting from the frame opposite said slot and having a beveled recess to engage said head.

17. A firearm including a frame, a breechbolt slidably supported by the frame, means for locking the breech-bolt against movement, means for disengaging said lock, said bolt having a chamber with a slot opening thereoutof, a. compression rod seated against a spring in said chamber, a tensioning lug secured tothe frame to enga e said compression rod, a hammer pivotally mounted in the frame and having a recess to receive said tensioning lug, and means for operating the hammer.

18. A firearm including a handle, a receiver slidably mounted thereon and having a slot and a barrel opening extending into said slot, a barrel located in said opening and having a locking recess registering with said slot, and a lock located on the frame to project through said slot into said recess in the barrel.

19. A firearm including a frame, a receiver movably mounted on the frame and removable therefrom, a breech-bolt movably mounted in the receiver, means to prevent disengagment of the receiver from the frame while permitting a limited movement thereon, said means being also arranged to engage the receiver and hold it temporarily in its rearward position, and firing mechanism to cause action of the breech-bolt.

20. A firearm including a frame, a receiver movably mounted on a frame,

u barrel rigidly secured to -the receiver', a breech-bolt movably mounted in the receiver, means to lock the breech-bolt and receiver together for simultaneous movement and to unlock them for independent movement,l retaining means to frictionally engage the receiver` and hold it at one limit of its play, said retaining means being formed to be loosened from engagement with the receiver b v the jarring action of the breechbolt in its closing movement, and firing mechanism to cause operation of the breechbolt.

21. A firearm including a frame, a receiver movably mounted on the frame, a lock mounted on one of said members and a. controlling slot and retaining recess opening thereoutof and located in the other member 1n position to receive said lock, said parts being arranged to be moved by the movement of the breech-bolt, a breech-bolt mov-l ably mounted in the receiver, and ring Igichanism to cause operation of the *breecho t.

22. A firearm including a frame, a receiverl slidably mounted on the frame and having a controlling slot and retainino recess, a lock on the frame located in said s ot and in position to enter said recess, a breech-bolt movably mounted n the receiver, said lock being formed to be disengaged by the movement of the breech-bolt, and firing mechanism for causing operation of the breech-bolt.

GRANT HAMMOND. 

